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THE COMING OF COVID-19 NOSE/MOUTH SPRAY VACCINES

 From Worldometer (new  COVID-19 deaths yesterday):

DAY   USA  WORLD    Brazil    India    South Africa

June     9     1093     4732         1185        246       82
July    22      1205     7128         1293      1120     572
Aug    12      1504     6556        1242        835     130
Sept     9      1208      6222       1136       1168       82
Oct     21      1225      6849         571        703       85
Nov    25       2304    12025        620        518      118
Dec    30       3880    14748       1224       299      465
Jan     14       4142      15512        1151        189      712
Feb      3       4005    14265       1209       107      398
Mar      2       1989     9490        1726       110      194
April     6        906    11787         4211       631       37
May     4        853     13667        3025      3786     59 
June    1        287    10637         2346      3205      95
 July    7         251      8440        1595        817      411
Aug     4         656    10120        1118        532      423 
Sept   22      2228      9326          839       279     124
Oct      6       2102      8255          543       315       59
Nov    3        1436      7830         186        458       23
Dec     1       1633      8475          266        477       28
Jan     7        2025      6729         148         285     140
Feb     2        2990   12012          946        991      175
Mar     2        1778     7756          335         173       28 
Apr     1         439      4056         290         52        12
May    5         225      2404        151            ?        64 
June    2        216      1413          130          10        31 
July    7         320       1958        297          38         9 
Aug   4          311        2138         258          70         ? 
Sep    1          272       1732          39            ?          ? 
Oct    6         281        1305        119            9          ?
        12          322       1254          60          12         ? 
        13         246        1240          44          10       52
        19         297        1444         102          20        ? 
        20         175        1301           66          10        ?
        27         214        1169           53          12        ? 
Nov   2         242       1055          30           9         ?

Summary:
  • Most new deaths yesterday:
    • #1      Germany  281
    • #2      USA  242
    • #3      France  97
    • #4      Japan  70
    • #5      Russia  68
    • #6      Taiwan  53
    • #7      Philippines  36
    • #8      Indonesia  30
    • #9      Brazil  30
    • #10    S. Korea  30
  • Most new cases yesterday:
    • #1      Germany  78,629
    • #2      Japan  70,396
    • #3      S. Korea  54,570
    • #4      Taiwan  33,159
    • #5      USA  27,949
    • #6      Russia  6,385
    • #7      France  5,691
  • Most new cases/million population:
    • #1      Bermuda  1425
    • #2      Taiwan  1386
    • #3      S. Korea  1066
    • #4      Germany  932
    • #5      Singapore  686
    • #8      Japan  561
    • #16    Qatar  139
    • #21    Israel  90
    • #24    USA  83
    •           World  41
    • #73    China  0.3

Dozens of research groups are working on sprays or drops administered through the nose or mouth to improve protection against COVID-19.

  • The proper medical term is mucosal vaccine.
  • One advantage is avoiding that dreaded needle, but a more important one is that if just might well be more effective.
  • There are at least nine mucosal vaccines already in use, and among some are for polio, influenza and cholera.
  • However, past experience has shown that FluMist doesn't work all that well for adults.
  • But, more so, mucosal tissue of the nose and respiratory tract are the sentinals at the site of infection, and is at the front line of defense.
  • The T and B cells there can more quickly stop the invading virus.
  • Last year Iran gave emergency approval for a mucosal vaccine.
  • In September, the inhaled version produced by CanSino Biologics in Tianjin (China) was approved for use as a booster dose in the country.
    • Is the same vaccine as the one injected.
    • But is inhaled through the mouth with a nebulizer at one-fifth the injected dose.
    • A similar pill has is also in testing.
    • Supposedly, Russia also has one approved, but data is scarce.
  •  More than 100 mucosal COVID-19 vaccines are in development, and around 20 have reached clinical trials in humans.  Four--in India, Iran and two in China--are into Phase III 
  • Interesting that lab studies have shown that mucosal vaccines were more effective against coronaviruses to induce immunity, compared to intramuscular booster (injections).
This summer, Scientific American reported, quoting Akiko Iwasaki of Yale:

Nose Spray Vaccines Could Quash COVID Virus Variants:  three nasal spritzed, now in advanced trials, could trigger stronger immunity than shots in the arm.

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