From Worldometer (new COVID-19 deaths yesterday):
DAY USA WORLD Brazil India South Africa
- Daily deaths have been stuck for the World at just below 10,000/day since late October.
- Keep in mind that a year ago, specifically on 24January2021, there were 16,503 new deaths.
- The World Bank predicts that this number will begin to decline around now, and drop to 5,000 early in March, then decline further to several hundred/day by May.
- Nature earlier this week reported that the 5.5 million official COVID-19 worldwide deaths are grossly underreported. Depending which model you use, this should be from 2 to 4 times higher. The red line represents the "true" deaths. IHME is the University of Washington's Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle, Washington.
- One problem is that there is no consistency on what exactly is a COVID-19 death.
- To counteract this problem, researchers now use something called excess mortality.
- Use the average deaths for the previous five years to get an average number of deaths.
- While this method itself is flawed because of population growth, certain adjustments were further made to also include deaths from armed conflict and natural disasters.
- Using this modified approach:
- Then there are countries like China, India and African countries which do not share true data. They think that the count should be much, much higher, perhaps by a factor of 10 for India. India by itself could have about the same number of deaths as what the world is showing today.
- As horrible as that might be, they speculate that the 4600 reported deaths in China should instead be 150 times higher, or 750,000.
- The study compared excess mortality for previous pandemics and the Spanish Flu of a century ago (the m is for million, and the mean death age is for the U.S. and Europe only):
That should have been enough for today, but I'll go on to articulate further on The Enigma, that Black Diamond from outer space you might have recently read about. First, from Wikipedia:
- Carbanado, also known as black diamond, is one of the toughest forms of natural diamond.
- Consists of diamond, graphite and amorphous carbon.
- Found in alluvial deposits in regions such as Central African Republic and Brazil.
- Is more porous than other diamonds.
- Typically pea-sized or aggregates of tiny black crystals.
- Formed 3 billion years ago by direct conversion of organic carbon under high pressure in the Earth's interior.
- Can be created by meteorite impact through shock metamorphism.
- Also radiation-induced by spontaneous fission of uranium and thorium.
- Lighting strikes.
- Could have originated in outer space from a supernova at least 3.8 billions years ago and brought Earth as an asteroid.
- The Amsterdam Diamond weighs 33.74 carats and has 145 facets, being cut from a piece from Africa which was 55.85 carats. Sold in 2001 for $352,000, the highest price ever paid for a black diamond.
- The Spirit of the Grisogono has a total of 36.69 carats (black and white diamonds).
- The Rembrandt is 42.27 carats and is at the Diamond Museum in Amsterdam. Was cut from a 125-carat rough.
While I'm at this, heard of a Chameleon Diamond?
- Colored diamonds are much rarer than white diamonds.
- But Chameleon Diamonds are not very rare.
- Yet, very little is known, for this version was only identified in 1943.
- Under normal circumstances, it is green.
- Under other conditions, the color ranges from brown to yellow/orange. If the stone is in the dark for 24 hours or heated to 200 C, it becomes bright yellow/orange. The change is not permanent.
- Color change comes from thermocromism or photochromism from traces of nickel and nitrogen.
- The most famous is the 31.32 carat Chopard Chameleon.
- A small 8.08 carat stone was estimated to be worth $2.1 million.
- Then there is the Lugano Chameleon Diamond Ring with 3.5 carats of CD, enhanced with 2 carats of pink diamonds, set in rose gold.
So on to The Enigma, from the Smithsonian magazine:
- Did it come from outer space? No one knows for sure. Part of this problem is that is is cut, and origin can best be determined from analysis of the outer surfaces.
- 555.55 carats with 55 facets. Largest cut diamond in the world. Next is the Star of Africa 1, or Cullinan 1, a white diamond at 530 carats.
- The shape is based on the Middle-Eastern palm symbol of Khamsa, which means five in Arabic.
- It's up for sale and expected fetch around $7 million.
- Sotheby Dubai says it will travel to Los Angeles, then London, for online auction from February 3-9. Cryptocurrency will be accepted.
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